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| GA |
Categories:
- Term/Acronym
- U.S. Export-Related
- U.S. Import-Related
- Standard (Technical/Health/Safety)
GA - General Average: The main principle behind general average is that when a sacrifice is made to save the interests of all the parties involved in a maritime adventure, the party who makes the sacrifice must be compensated by all the parties who stand to benefit from the sacrifice of expenditure.
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| GATS |
Categories:
- Term/Acronym
- Treaty/Convention/Agreement
- Multilateral/International
- Product-Specific
The General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) is a treaty of the World Trade Organization (WTO) that entered into force in January 1995 as a result of the Uruguay Round negotiations. The treaty was created to extend the multilateral trading system to service sector, in the same way the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) provides such a system for merchandise trade. All members of the WTO are signatories to the GATS. The basic WTO principle of most favoured nation (MFN) applies to GATS as well. However, upon accession, Members may introduce temporary exemptions to this rule.
World Trade Organization (WTO)
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| GATT |
Categories:
- Term/Acronym
- Treaty/Convention/Agreement
- Multilateral/International
The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (typically abbreviated GATT) was the outcome of the failure of negotiating governments to create the International Trade Organization (ITO). GATT was formed in 1947 and lasted until 1994, when it was replaced by the World Trade Organization. The Bretton Woods Conference had introduced the idea for an organization to regulate trade as part of a larger plan for economic recovery after World War II. As governments negotiated the ITO, 15 negotiating states began parallel negotiations for the GATT as a way to attain early tariff reductions. Once the ITO failed in 1950, only the GATT agreement was left. The GATT's main objective was the reduction of barriers to international trade. This was achieved through the reduction of tariff barriers, quantitative restrictions and subsidies on trade through a series of agreements. The functions of the GATT were taken over by the World Trade Organization which was established during the final round of negotiations in early 1990s.
World Trade Organization (WTO)
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| GCR |
Categories:
- Term/Acronym
- U.S. Export-Related
- U.S. Import-Related
GCR - General Cargo Rate: The basic tariff category which was introduced to cover most air cargo now covers only a minority, the remainder being under SCR or class rates.
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| General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade |
Categories:
- Term/Acronym
- Treaty/Convention/Agreement
- Multilateral/International
The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (typically abbreviated GATT) was the outcome of the failure of negotiating governments to create the International Trade Organization (ITO). GATT was formed in 1947 and lasted until 1994, when it was replaced by the World Trade Organization. The Bretton Woods Conference had introduced the idea for an organization to regulate trade as part of a larger plan for economic recovery after World War II. As governments negotiated the ITO, 15 negotiating states began parallel negotiations for the GATT as a way to attain early tariff reductions. Once the ITO failed in 1950, only the GATT agreement was left. The GATT's main objective was the reduction of barriers to international trade. This was achieved through the reduction of tariff barriers, quantitative restrictions and subsidies on trade through a series of agreements. The functions of the GATT were taken over by the World Trade Organization which was established during the final round of negotiations in early 1990s.
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| General guidance on EU import and transit rules for live animals and animal products from third countries |
Categories:
- Law/Act/Regulation
- U.S. Export-Related
- Foreign Import-Related
- Country/Regional
This legislation imposes a series of health and supervisory requirements, designed to ensure that imported animals and products meet standards at least equivalent to those required for production in, and trade between Member States. This document provides guidance primarily to the national authorities in third countries who are interested in exporting live animals and/or their products to the European Union.
European Commission
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| General Order (G.O.) |
Categories:
- U.S. Import-Related
- Term/Acronym
Unclaimed merchandise stored in such premises is held under “general order”. General Order (G.O.) is the status given to imported goods that are missing the proper documentation or are not quickly cleared through customs. Merchandise may be held under general order if the proper duties or taxes are not paid, or if the owner fails to complete the required customs paperwork. Goods will be held in premises owned or leased by the U.S. Government while undergoing CBP examination, pending final release from CBP custody. Under general order, if the goods remain uncleared for more than 15 days.After 15 days, any general order merchandise will be moved to a bonded warehouse. The risk of transportation and storage of the goods remains with the owner of the merchandise. If the goods remain under general order for more than six months, the merchandise will be put up for auction or confiscated by the government.
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| GI |
Categories:
- Term/Acronym
- U.S. Import-Related
Common term used for cargo release certification input application identifier.
U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP)
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| GMT |
Categories:
- Term/Acronym
- Standard (Technical/Health/Safety)
GMT - Greenwich Mean Time: Mean solar time at the village of Greenwich near London which, as decided at the International Meridian Congress of 1884, is assigned 0 degrees longitude (called Prime Meridian). Because it is based on the Earth's rotation (which is irregular) it actually follows a fictitious Mean Sun that moves at a uniform speed along the equator. A 19th century worldwide time standard, it was replaced in 1970 by the Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) for astronomical and navigational use, but is still in common use by airlines and radio and television stations. When expressed in terms of a 24-hour clock, GMT is also called universal time (UT or Z). It is five hours ahead of the US Eastern Standard Time (EST) during standard period, and four hours ahead during daylight-saving period.
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| GNP |
Categories:
- Term/Acronym
- Standard (Technical/Health/Safety)
GNP - Gross National Product: Gross National Product (GNP) is the market value of all products and services produced in one year by labor and property supplied by the residents of a country. Unlike Gross Domestic Product (GDP), which defines production based on the geographical location of production, GNP allocates production based on ownership.
GNP does not distinguish between qualitative improvements in the state of the technical arts (e.g., increasing computer processing speeds), and quantitative increases in goods (e.g., number of computers produced), and considers both to be forms of "economic growth".
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| GOH |
Categories:
- Term/Acronym
- U.S. Export-Related
- U.S. Import-Related
- Standard (Technical/Health/Safety)
GOH - Garments on Hanger: Garments on Hanger (GOH) containers give customers the option of using a string or bar system or a combination of both. The containers allow increased flexibility, greater load internal capacity and savings on transportation and handling cost. Garment containers are available in 20’ and 40’ sizes. Specific dimensions and capacity may vary depending on the container manufacturer, the age of the container as well as the container-owner.
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| GRI |
Categories:
- Term/Acronym
- U.S. Export-Related
- U.S. Import-Related
- Standard (Technical/Health/Safety)
GRI - General Rate Increase: The average annual amount by which a carrier's tariff rates increase. Due to the union history of the industry, these originated as standard price increases to mainly cover increased labor costs. In the mid-1990s, they were announced and went into effect at the beginning of each calendar year. Then, by the turn of the century, they were announced later in the year (to time rate increases with a higher demand season). But since the exit of CF and the subsequent pricing power realized by the carriers, the annual rate increase became more like an “every 11 month” rate increase and now we are back to January/February timing. When the GRI goes into effect, it does not affect all shippers equally. It is only applied to typically half of an LTL carrier's account base, as the other half are on foreign rate bases [other carriers' tariffs] or contracts with reduced rates
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| GSA |
Categories:
- Term/Acronym
- Organization/Agency/Entity
- U.S. Export-Related
- Country/Regional
GSA - General Sales Agent: a sales representative for an airline in a specific country or region. Typically, the GSA is responsible for selling all products of the airline in its region which includes flight tickets and cargo space. A GSA will typically sell the product of more than one airline. Airlines normally use a GSA in areas that it does not operate to or from, allowing them to have a sales presence in a country at lower cost than opening their own offices. It may also use their services because the GSA has historical ties with travel and cargo agents which will be too time-consuming for the airline to build itself.
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| GSP |
Categories:
- Term/Acronym
- Law/Act/Regulation
- U.S. Import-Related
- Foreign Import-Related
- Multilateral/International
- Country/Regional
- Compliance System/Process
Generalized System of Preferences The U.S. Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) is a program designed to promote economic growth in the developing world by providing preferential duty-free entry for about 4,800 products from 131 designated beneficiary countries and territories. GSP was instituted on January 1, 1976, by the Trade Act of 1974. Congress has authorized GSP through December 31, 2009. The GSP Guidebook and other information sources are available regarding the use of GSP duty-free treatment, and the fostering of economic growth through the expansion of trade between the United States and GSP beneficiaries. All Federal Register Notices and comments submitted in response, beginning February 2009, are available at www.regulations.gov.
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United States Trade Representative (USTR)
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| GUIDEC |
Categories:
- Term/Acronym
- Law/Act/Regulation
- Multilateral/International
- Compliance System/Process
General Usage for Internationally Digitally Ensured Commerce (GUIDEC). The principle objective of the GUIDEC is to establish a general framework for the authentication of digital messages, based upon existing law and practice in different legal systems. In so doing, the GUIDEC provides a detailed explanation of principles, particularly as they relate to information system security issues, public key cryptographic techniques and emerging biometric capabilities. It also provides succinct standard practices or recommendations relating to secure authentication and processing of digital information.
International Chamber of Commerce (ICC)
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| GWT |
Categories:
- Term/Acronym
- U.S. Export-Related
- U.S. Import-Related
- Standard (Technical/Health/Safety)
- Labeling/Marking/Packaging
GWT - Gross Weight: total weight of an article inclusive of the weight of the container and packaging.
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